Tooth Loss and Diabetes
High blood sugar levels can increase the risk of developing gum disease, and conversely gum infections can increase blood glucose levels, which can make it more difficult to manage diabetes.
Periodontal Disease, an advanced stage of gum disease, refers to conditions that affect the gums, which are the soft tissues in the mouth that support the teeth. Diabetics have a higher risk for periodontal disease, however by managing their blood sugar levels and maintaining their oral health, a person living with diabetes can prevent gum disease.
High blood sugar increases the risk of gum disease, gum disease makes it difficult to control blood sugars, which may increase A1C levels.
Research has identified a definite link between periodontal disease and a higher risk of diabetes related complications.
Diabetes can change the saliva which may be detrimental to good oral health. Salive lubricates the mouth, washing away debris, preventing bacterial growth, protecting tissues, and fighting bacterial acids and tooth decay. Uncontrolled diabetes may cause the salivary glands to produce a lower quantity of saliva, that also contains more glucose.
A dry mouth encourages bacteria to grow and combines with food to form plaque. Without removing the plaque, it builds up on teeth near the gum line and develops into tartar. Tartar or calculus requires professional treatment from a dental health professional to remove it, which is critical in the prevention of periodontal disease.
Diabetics also have a greater inflammatory response to bacteria. High blood sugar levels also interfere with wound healing and increase the risk of damage to the gums, which predisposes to infections and gum disease.
Diabetics who are unable to keep their blood sugars within a healthy range may experience:
soreness
bad breath
chewing difficulties
tooth loss
Periodontal disease is the most common dental disease affecting those with diabetes, affecting around 20% of diabetics. Diabetics are 16% more at risk of tooth loss.
Type 2 diabetics are three times more likely to develop dental health issues, and those with type 1 diabetes have an increased risk.
How to keep the mouth healthy
Practicing good oral care at home, attending regular dental appointments, and making lifestyle decisions can benefit oral health.
Recommendations for maintaining good oral health include:
brushing the teeth twice a day for 2 minutes with a fluoride toothpaste
cleaning between the teeth daily, using either dental floss or interdental brushes, and water flossers
a nutritional diet that limits beverages and snacks with added sugar
attending regular dental appointments to help prevent and treat dental conditions
Lifestyle considerations to consider:
avoiding smoking
avoid more than the recommended daily alcohol intake
It is important to manage blood sugar levels for good oral health to help prevent oral infections and dry mouth, by taking medications, eating a nutritious, well balanced diet, and exercising regularly.
SEe your dentist
It is recommended for people with diabetes to visit a dentist twice a year for preventive dental care
Dental symptoms, such as gums being red and swollen or bleeding easily, should contact a dentist as this gum disease for advice and treatment.