All about tooth dentine

Dentine is a key tissue that makes up the bulk of a tooth.

Here's an overview of everything you need to know about dentine:

1. Location and Structure:

- Dentine is located beneath the enamel (the outer layer of the tooth) and above the pulp (the innermost part of the tooth containing nerves and blood vessels).

- It is a porous, yellowish tissue and is softer than enamel but harder than bone.

2. Composition:

- Dentine is composed of about 70% inorganic materials (mainly hydroxyapatite, which is a crystalline calcium phosphate), 20% organic materials (primarily collagen), and 10% water.

- This composition makes it less hard than enamel but still very durable.

3. Function:

- Dentine provides the majority of the tooth's structure and protects the pulp.

- It supports the enamel and absorbs the pressures and stresses of chewing, helping prevent damage to the more fragile pulp inside.

4. Dental Tubules:

- Dentine contains millions of tiny canals or tubules that run from the outside of the tooth to the nerve in the center. These tubules can transmit sensations, such as pain or temperature changes, to the nerve.

5. Secondary and Tertiary Dentine:

- Secondary dentine is formed throughout life at a much slower rate than primary dentine and can be a response to stimuli, such as wear or minor tooth decay.

- Tertiary dentine (or reparative dentine) forms in response to a stimulus, such as tooth decay or trauma, to protect the pulp.

6. Sensitivity:

- When dentine is exposed due to enamel erosion or receding gums, it can lead to tooth sensitivity. This is because the tubules allow heat, cold, or acidic substances to reach the nerves inside the tooth.

7. Role in Dental Treatments:

- Understanding of dentine is important in various dental treatments like fillings, root canals, and crowns. When decay reaches the dentine, it often requires a filling or other restorative treatment.

8. Remineralisation:

- Dentine, like enamel, can undergo a process of remineralisation. Fluoride treatments, good oral hygiene, and a diet rich in minerals can help remineralise and strengthen dentine.

9. Dentine and Tooth Colour:

- The natural colour of dentine can significantly influence the overall colour of a tooth. Thinner enamel can make a tooth appear more yellow due to the underlying dentine.

Dentine is vital for the structural integrity and function of teeth. Maintaining good oral hygiene and regular dental check-ups are crucial for protecting both the dentine and the overall health of teeth.