Orthognathic surgery, also known as orthognathic surgery or corrective jaw surgery, is a surgical procedure performed by oral and maxillofacial surgeons to correct significant skeletal and dental irregularities of the jaw and face. This surgical intervention aims to improve both the functional and aesthetic aspects of a person's facial structure and bite.

Indications for Orthognathic Surgery:

Orthognathic surgery is typically recommended for individuals with complex jaw and facial discrepancies that cannot be adequately addressed through orthodontic treatment alone. Common indications for orthognathic surgery include:

1. Dental Malocclusions: Severe overbites, underbites, crossbites, open bites, or misaligned jaws that result in difficulty biting, chewing, or speaking.

2. Facial Imbalance: Significant facial asymmetry or disproportions that affect facial aesthetics and harmony.

3. Obstructive Sleep Apnoea: In cases where jaw position contributes to obstructive sleep apnea, orthognathic surgery can help alleviate airway obstructions and improve breathing during sleep.

4. Chronic Jaw Pain (TMJ (Jaw) Disorders): When jaw misalignment contributes to temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders, known as temporomandibular dysfunction, surgery may be considered as part of a comprehensive treatment plan.

Orthognathic Surgery Procedure:

1. Evaluation and Planning: Before surgery, a thorough evaluation is conducted, including clinical assessments, dental impressions, facial imaging (X-rays, CT scans), and comprehensive treatment planning. Orthodontic treatment is often initiated before surgery to align the teeth properly.

2. Dental or Maxillofacial Surgery: During the procedure, the oral and maxillofacial surgeon makes precise incisions in the jawbone to reposition the upper, lower, or both jaws as needed. The exact surgical techniques and incision locations depend on the patient's specific condition.

3. Recovery from Dental Surgery: After surgery, patients typically stay in the hospital for a short period and then continue their recovery at home. Swelling, discomfort, and dietary restrictions are common during the initial recovery phase.

4. Orthodontic Follow-up: Orthodontic treatment continues after surgery to fine-tune the bite and tooth alignment. This phase, called post-surgical orthodontics, is essential for achieving the best possible results.

5. Long-Term Dental Monitoring: Patients are closely monitored by both the oral surgeon and orthodontist to ensure that the surgical correction stabilises properly and that the desired functional and aesthetic outcomes are achieved.

Benefits of Orthognathic Surgery:

- Improved facial aesthetics and symmetry.

- Enhanced bite function, leading to improved chewing, speaking, and overall oral health.

- Resolution of TMJ pain and associated symptoms.

- Correction of obstructive sleep apnea.

- Enhanced self-confidence and quality of life.

Orthognathic surgery is a significant undertaking and requires careful planning and collaboration between oral and maxillofacial surgeons, orthodontists, and other healthcare professionals. The decision to undergo this surgery is made after a thorough evaluation, and the procedure can have life-changing benefits for individuals with complex jaw and facial issues.