Gum necrosis is a dental condition that occurs when the gingival tissues surrounding the teeth become dead or injured. It is a type of periodontal disease that affects the supporting tissues of the teeth, including the gums, alveolar bone, periodontal ligaments, and cementum.

The primary cause of gum necrosis is poor oral hygiene. When a person fails to brush and floss properly, plaque and bacteria accumulate in the mouth, leading to an inflammatory response in the gums. Over time, the inflammation can spread to the deeper tissues, causing the gums to recede and exposing the roots of the teeth. Ultimately, this can lead to gum necrosis, which is characterized by blackened, dead, or dying tissue.

Other factors that can contribute to gum necrosis include smoking, poor nutrition, hormonal changes (such as those that occur during pregnancy or menopause), and certain medications. Additionally, poorly fitting dental appliances, such as dentures or braces, can cause trauma to the gums and lead to the development of necrotic tissue.

The symptoms of gum necrosis can vary depending on the severity of the condition. In mild cases, a person may notice that their gums are red, swollen, and bleed easily when they brush or floss their teeth. As the condition progresses, the gums may begin to recede, and the teeth may become loose or shift out of place. In advanced cases, dark spots or areas of dead tissue may be visible on the gums, and the affected teeth may need to be extracted.

Treatment for gum necrosis typically involves a combination of interventions aimed at controlling the underlying infection and restoring the health of the gums.

In severe cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to remove dead tissue and restore the health of the gums. This may involve gum grafts, which involve taking tissue from the roof of the mouth or other areas and transplanting it onto the affected gums to promote healing and restore the appearance of the smile.

In conclusion, gum necrosis is a serious dental condition that requires prompt treatment to prevent further damage to the gums and teeth. By practicing good oral hygiene and seeking regular dental care, individuals can reduce their risk of developing gum disease and keep their smiles healthy and vibrant for a lifetime.